Subject	Verb	Examples
I	work	I work in a factory.
You	work	You work in a factory.
He	works	He works in a factory.
She		She works in a factory.
It		It works.
We	work	We work in a factory.
You		You work in a factory.
They		They work in a factory.

As we can see, an -s or -es is added to the third person singular verb (he/she/it) depending on its ending.

Ending	Examples
If the verb used ends in -SS, -SH, -CH, -O, or -X, the ending of the third person is -ES	To kiss He kisses
	To fish He fishes
	To watch She watches
	To go She goes
	To fix He fixes
If the verb used ends in a consonant plus -Y, the ending of the third person is formed replacing the -Y with -IES	To study He studies
	To fly She flies
If the verb used ends in a vowel plus - Y, we just add an -S at the end.	To play He plays
	To stay He stays

Negative form

In negative sentences we add the auxiliary verb do followed by the particle not between the subject and the main verb, although with he, she and it we'll use the form does followed by the particle not.

Subject	AuxiliarY	Verb	Examples
I	do not don't	work	I don't work in a factory.
You	do not don't		You don't work in a factory.
He	does not doesn't		He doesn't work in a factory.
She			She doesn't work in a factory.
It			It doesn't work.
We	do not don't		We don't work in a factory.
You			You don't work in a factory.
They			They don't work in a factory.

Notice that in the 3^rd person singular there is no -s added to the end of the verb in the negative form, as the auxiliary takes the -s (doesn't). The same happens in the case of questions, as follows.

It's more usual to use the contracted form don't and doesn't rather than do not or does not.

Interrogative form

In questions the auxiliary verb do or does is placed at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject, then the main verb and after that, the rest of the sentence.

AuxiliarY	Subject	Verb	Examples
Do	I	work?	Do I work in a factory?
Do	you	work?	Do you work in a factory?
Does	he	work?	Does he work in a factory?
	she		Does she work in a factory?
	it		Does it work?
Do	we	work?	Do we work in a factory?
	you		Do you work in a factory?
	they		Do they work in a factory?

As it happens with the verbs to be and have got, the questions in present simple also have short answers.

Adverb	Subject	AuxiliarY
Yes,	I	do
	you	do
	he	does
	she
	it
	we	do
	you
	they

Do you work in a factory? Yes, I do.

Adverb	Subject	AuxiliarY
No,	I	don't
	you	don't
	he	doesn't
	she
	it
	we	don't
	you
	they

Does he fly in a plane? No, he doesn't.

3. How is the present simple used?

The present simple is mainly used to express:

Habits or repeated actions, that is, actions that happen regularly. In this case, it's quite common the use of frequency adverbs such as: always, usually, sometimes, never...

I have breakfast every day.

She plays tennis on Saturdays.
Affirmations or things that are always true.

The sun rises every day.

Lions live in Africa.
Situations that last over a period of time and continue up until the present and also into the future.

I live in Venice.

They love opera.
Actions that happen in the future at a regular pre-stablished time. So, a time expression will be needed.

Our AVE leaves at 10 o'clock.

The piano lessons start on Monday.
Instructions on how to use or do something.

First you fold the paper in half.

You take your cash and then the credit card.

With actions that are currently taking place, we use the present continuous. However, if the verb is a stative verb, the -ing form is not possible and for this reason we use the present simple.

I don't understand what you are saying.

She has a new motorbike.

Stative verbs are verbs that don't describe dynamic actions. To follow, we'll show you a list of the main stative verbs:

Use	Stative verb	Examples
Likes, preferences and emotions	Like, dislike, prefer, love, hate, etc.	They like going on holiday at Christmas.
Possessions	Have, include, involve, etc.	She doesn't have a new car.
Weight, measure...	Weigh, measure, contain, etc.	I weigh 1 kilo less than last week.
Wish or necessity	Want, wish, need, etc.	My brother wants to go home because he is tired.
Senses or perception	Sound, hear, taste, see, imagine, smell, remember, etc.	I don't remember where I put my keys.
Opinion, doubt, agreement or disagreement	Understand, think, look, etc.	I don't understand what you are saying.

Remember!

The present simple (I sing) has the following structure:

	Structure	Examples
AFFIRMATIVE	Subject + verb + (complements)	I live in Barcelona.
NEGATIVE	Subject + don't/doesn't + verb + (complements)	I don't like pizza.
INTERROGATIVE	Do/does + subject + verb + (complements)?	Do you love books? Yes, we do.

The main uses of the present simple are:

Use	Examples
Habits or actions that happen regularly	I go to the gym three times a week.
Affirmations or things that are always true	The sun rises in the east.
Situations that last over a period of time	I don't live in a big town.
Actions that take place at a pre-stablished time in the future.	The meeting starts at 9.30 a.m.
Instructions	First, you put the batteries in.
With *stative verbs*	Do you like cheese?